Organic Compounds: Halides, Nitro, Alcohol, Keytones, and Aldehydes

2-Chloropropane

Organic Compounds: Halides, Nitro, Alcohol, Ketones, and Aldehydes

Beginning naming with halides(the above diagram), Halides are the halogens like chlorine, flourine, bromine, etc.. Its easy to name a compound with a halogen in it, all that needs to be done is to count the position on the main carbon chain and then to alphabetalize the things that come before the name of the carbon chain. When naming the halogen in the organic compound's name, remove the "ine" and replace it a "o". For example in the above diagram you have propane and a chlorine on the second bond; so it's simply named 2-chloropropane.



Nitromethane

Organic compounds can also include nitrite. When nitrite is connected to a carbon chain it has the same naming as halides except the "ite" is replaced with "o" giving you nitro. The naming is similar. In the diagram above there is a methane and a nitrite connected to it. Naming this is nitro for nitrite and methane, giving the name Nitromethane.



3-pentanol

Compounds including OH are classified as Alcohols. Naming alcohols changes the name of the carbon chain. The "e" at the end of the name of a carbon chain is removed and replaced with an "ol". For example in the above diagram the main carbon chain is pentane and there is a OH at the third carbon. So the name is 3-pentanol.

"R" represents a carbon chain

Ketones are when an oxygen atom that is double bonded to a carbon is connected to a carbon chain in the middle. Naming is as easy as numbering the position and removing the "e" in the suffix of the main carbon chain. If the carbon chain already had a change from the "ane" suffix "oxo" can be added to the beginning of the carbon chains name instead.

"R" represents a carbon chain

Aldehydes are when an oxygen atom is at the end of a carbon chain. Replacing the suffix "e" of the carbon chain and replacing it with "al" will give the compounds name. For example pentanal. Pentanal would have five carbon atoms connected by single bonds and one double bonded oxygen at the end.