Ionic, Covalent, and Acid Compounds

 

How acids are formed

Example:

H(+) + CL(-) = HCL(g) ionic “non acid” hydrogen chloride

HCL(g) + H2O = H3O(+)(aq) + CL(-)(aq)

Hydrochloric acid

1.      Name the positive ion first “hydrogen” (H+)

2.      Name the negative ion second (use the ion names listed in the “table of common ions”)

3.      Remember that the total charge on an ionic compound must be zero. Therefore believe positive and negative charges.

Solutions of hydrogen combined with non metals from groups 16 and 17 and simple acids.

1.      The prefix “hydro” is used as the beginning of the acid name.

2.      The last syllable in the name of the non metal is replaced with the name “ic”

Rules for complex acids

1.      No hydrogen for the ionic non acid name

2.      Ate replace with “ic”

Ite replace with “ous”

“We ate – icy sushi and get appendicite-ous”

Law of Definite Composition (Proust’s Law)

Chemical compound always has the same proportion of elements by mass

Ex: H2O has 2 H and 1 O for a local mass of 18g (H=2g and O=16g) which would apply anywhere in the universe.

Law of Multiple proportion (Dalton’s Law)

Same elements can combine in more than one proportion to form different compounds.

Ex: PbO and PbO2